For Frank Liebermann, recess was the scariest time of the day. He began attending German public school in 1935 when he was about six years old—two years after his school began separating Jewish and non-Jewish students into different classrooms. Nazi propaganda convinced his Gentile peers that Jewish students were dangerous and an easy target for harassment. Frank and his Jewish classmates were dismissed five minutes early so they could rush home to avoid antisemitic attacks, but during recess, there was no protection.

Learn about Frank’s experiences as a Jewish student in Nazi Germany and how his family worked together to secure visas so they could immigrate to a new life in the United States.

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